Software-Defined Cloud Computing: Architectural Elements and Open Challenges

The variety of existing cloud services creates a challenge for service providers to enforce reasonable Software Level Agreements (SLA) stating the Quality of Service (QoS) and penalties in case QoS is not achieved. To avoid such penalties at the same time that the infrastructure operates with minimum energy and resource wastage, constant monitoring and adaptation of the infrastructure is needed. We refer to Software-Defined Cloud Computing, or simply Software-Defined Clouds (SDC), as an approach for automating the process of optimal cloud configuration by extending virtualization concept to all resources in a data center. An SDC enables easy reconfiguration and adaptation of physical resources in a cloud infrastructure, to better accommodate the demand on QoS through a software that can describe and manage various aspects comprising the cloud environment. In this paper, we present an architecture for SDCs on data centers with emphasis on mobile cloud applications. We present an evaluation, showcasing the potential of SDC in two use cases-QoS-aware bandwidth allocation and bandwidth-aware, energy-efficient VM placement-and discuss the research challenges and opportunities in this emerging area.Comment: Keynote Paper, 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI 2014), September 24-27, 2014, Delhi, Indi

Acute Kidney Injury due to Menstruation-related Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in an Adenomyosis Patient: A Case Report

The authors report a case of acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from menstruation-related disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in an adenomyosis patient. A 40-yr-old woman who had received gonadotropin for ovulation induction therapy presented with anuria and an elevated serum creatinine level. Her medical history showed primary infertility with diffuse adenomyosis. On admission, her pregnancy test was negative and her menstrual cycle had started 1 day previously. Laboratory data were consistent with DIC, and it was believed to be related to myometrial injury resulting from heavy intramyometrial menstrual flow. Gonadotropin is considered to play an important role in the development of fulminant DIC. This rare case suggests that physicians should be aware that gonadotropin may provoke fulminant DIC in women with adenomyosis

Integrated provisioning of compute and network resources in Software-Defined Cloud Data Centers

© 2018 Dr. Jungmin SonSoftware-Defined Networking (SDN) has opened up new opportunities in networking technology with its decoupled concept of the control plane from the packet forwarding hardware, which enabled the network to be programmable and configurable dynamically through the centralized controller. Cloud computing has been empowered with the adoption of SDN for infrastructure management in a data center where dynamic controllability is indispensable in order to provide elastic services. The integrated provisioning of compute and network resources enabled by SDN is essential in clouds to enforce reasonable Service Level Agreements (SLAs) stating the Quality of Service (QoS) while saving energy consumption and resource wastage. This thesis presents the joint compute and network resource provisioning in SDN-enabled cloud data center for QoS fulfillment and energy efficiency. It focuses on the techniques for allocating virtual machines and networks on physical hosts and switches considering SLA, QoS, and energy efficiency aspects. The thesis advances the state-of-the-art with the following key contributions: 1. A taxonomy and survey of the current research on SDN-enabled cloud computing, including the state-of-the-art joint resource provisioning methods and system architectures. 2. A modeling and simulation environment for SDN-enabled cloud data centers abstracting functionalities and behaviors of virtual and physical resources. 3. A novel dynamic overbooking algorithm for energy efficiency and SLA enforcement with the migration of virtual machines and network flows. 4. A QoS-aware computing and networking resource allocation algorithm based on the application priority to fulfill different QoS requirements. 5. A prototype system of the integrated control platform for joint management of cloud and network resources simultaneously based on OpenStack and OpenDaylight

The Effects of Consumer Innovativeness on Mobile App Download: Focusing on Comparison of Innovators and Noninnovators

In the new market for mobile apps, innovators, that is, early adopters of new products, have drawn attention from various researchers for their role in contributing to the success of a product. Due to the discrepancies between findings in these studies, a research framework and empirical model must be established to demonstrate how innovators affect the market for mobile apps in comparison to other types of users. To clarify the empirical basis on which innovators contribute to market development, we compare mobile app download patterns between innovators and noninnovators. Using the app download data of actual users in one of the largest app markets in Korea, we compare and analyze download behavior for a period of less than two years following their subscription to the market. The empirical analysis reveals that the download volume of innovators remains constant over a long period, while for noninnovators, volume is initially high, reflecting their interest in downloading, but it rapidly decreases thereafter. The results of this study have practical implications for companies seeking to assess the market value of innovators

selection and allocation in inter-clouds

Automated decision system for efficient resource selection and allocation in inter-cloud

UTILIZING SIGN LANGUAGE GESTURES FOR GESTURE-BASED INTERACTION: A USABILITY EVALUATION STUDY

Utilizing gestures of major sign languages (signs) forgesture-based interaction seems to be anappealing idea as it has some obvious advantages, including: reduced time and cost for gesture vocabulary design, immediate accommodation of existing sign language users and supporting universal design and equalityby design.  However, it is not wellunderstood whether or not sign language gestures are indeed adequate forgesture-based interaction, especially in terms of usability.  As an initial effort to enhance ourunderstanding of the usability of sign language gestures, the current study evaluated Korean Sign Language (KSL) gestures employing threeusability criteria: intuitiveness, preference and physicalstress.  A set of 18 commandsfor manipulating objects in virtualworlds was determined. Then, gestures for thecommands were designed using two designmethods: the sign language method and the user designmethod.  The sign language method consisted of simplyidentifying the KSL gestures corresponding to the commands.  The user design method involved having userrepresentatives freely design gestures for the commands.  A group of evaluators evaluated the resultingsign language and user-designed gestures in intuitiveness and preferencethrough subjective ratings.  Physicalstresses of the gestures were quantified using an index developed based on RapidUpper Limb Assessment.  The usabilityscores of the KSL gestures were compared with those of the user-designedgestures for relative evaluation.  Data analyses indicated that overall, the use of theKSL gestures cannot be regarded as an excellent design strategy when viewedstrictly from a usability standpoint, and the user-design approach would likelyproduce more usable gestures than the sign language approach if designoptimization is performed using a large set of user-designed gestures.  Based on the study findings, some gesturevocabulary design strategies utilizing sign languagegestures are discussed.  The study findings may inform future gesturevocabulary design efforts

SLA-Aware and Energy-Efficient Dynamic Overbooking in SDN-Based Cloud Data Centers

Power management of cloud data centers has received great attention from industry and academia as they are expensive to operate due to their high energy consumption. While hosts are dominant to consume electric power, networks account for 10 to 20 percent of the total energy costs in a data center. Resource overbooking is one way to reduce the usage of active hosts and networks by placing more requests to the same amount of resources. Network resource overbooking can be facilitated by Software Defined Networking (SDN) that can consolidate traffics and control Quality of Service (QoS) dynamically. However, the existing approaches employ fixed overbooking ratio to decide the amount of resources to be allocated, which in reality may cause excessive Service Level Agreements (SLA) violation with workloads being unpredictable. In this paper, we propose dynamic overbooking strategy which jointly leverages virtualization capabilities and SDN for VM and traffic consolidation. With the dynamically changing workload, the proposed strategy allocates more precise amount of resources to VMs and traffics. This strategy can increase overbooking in a host and network while still providing enough resources to minimize SLA violations. Our approach calculates resource allocation ratio based on the historical monitoring data from the online analysis of the host and network utilization without any pre-knowledge of workloads. We implemented it in simulation environment in large scale to demonstrate the effectiveness in the context of Wikipedia workloads. Our approach saves energy consumption in the data center while reducing SLA violations

SLA-aware and energy-efficient dynamic overbooking in SDN-based cloud data centers

Power management of cloud data centers has received great attention from industry and academia as they are expensive to operate due to their high energy consumption. While hosts are dominant to consume electric power, networks account for 10 to 20 percent of the total energy costs in a data center. Resource overbooking is one way to reduce the usage of active hosts and networks by placing more requests to the same amount of resources. Network resource overbooking can be facilitated by Software Defined Networking (SDN) that can consolidate traffics and control Quality of Service (QoS) dynamically. However, the existing approaches employ fixed overbooking ratio to decide the amount of resources to be allocated, which in reality may cause excessive Service Level Agreements (SLA) violation with workloads being unpredictable. In this paper, we propose dynamic overbooking strategy which jointly leverages virtualization capabilities and SDN for VM and traffic consolidation. With the dynamically changing workload, the proposed strategy allocates more precise amount of resources to VMs and traffics. This strategy can increase overbooking in a host and network while still providing enough resources to minimize SLA violations. Our approach calculates resource allocation ratio based on the historical monitoring data from the online analysis of the host and network utilization without any pre-knowledge of workloads. We implemented it in simulation environment in large scale to demonstrate the effectiveness in the context of Wikipedia workloads. Our approach saves energy consumption in the data center while reducing SLA violations